Gideon St Helen, PhD

Education
PhD, 2011 - Toxicology, University of Georgia
BSc, 2006 - Biology, Livingstone College
Publications

  1. Jacob P, Chan L, Cheung P, Bello K, Yu L, StHelen G, Benowitz NL. Minor Tobacco Alkaloids as Biomarkers to Distinguish Combusted Tobacco Use From Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use. Two New Analytical Methods. Frontiers in chemistry 2022. PMID: 35720984


  2. Chaffee BW, Halpern-Felsher B, Jacob P, St Helen G. Biomarkers of nicotine exposure correlate with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist among adolescents in California, United States. TO REMOVE 2022. PMID: 35033980


  4. Benowitz NL, St Helen G, Nardone N, Addo N, Zhang JJ, Harvanko AM, Calfee CS, Jacob P. Twenty-Four-Hour Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes Compared With Cigarette Smoking in Dual Users. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020. PMID: 33208019


  5. Yao T, Sung HY, Huang J, Chu L, St Helen G, Max W. The impact of e-cigarette and cigarette prices on e-cigarette and cigarette sales in California. TO REMOVE 2020. PMID: 33240784


  6. Carroll DM, Cigan S, Ikuemonisan J, Hammonds T, Stepanov I, St Helen G, Benowitz N, Hatsukami DK. Relationships between race, gender, and spot urine levels of biomarkers of tobacco exposure vary based on how creatinine is handled in analyses. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2020. PMID: 32598452


  7. Kovar L, Selzer D, Britz H, Benowitz N, St Helen G, Kohl Y, Bals R, Lehr T. Comprehensive Parent-Metabolite PBPK/PD Modeling Insights into Nicotine Replacement Therapy Strategies. Clinical pharmacokinetics 2020. PMID: 32166575


  9. Liakoni E, Nardone N, St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Cigarette Reinforcement. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2019. PMID: 31725872


  10. Jacob P, St Helen G, Yu L, Nardone N, Havel C, Cheung P, Benowitz NL. Biomarkers of Exposure for Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes: Nicotelline, NNAL, and Total Nicotine Equivalents. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2019. PMID: 31833541


  11. Harvanko AM, St Helen G, Nardone N, Addo N, Benowitz NL. Twenty-four Hour Subjective and Pharmacological Effects of Ad Libitum Electronic and Combustible Cigarette Use among Dual Users. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2019. PMID: 31837232


  12. Benowitz NL, Helen GS, Nardone N, Cox LS, Jacob P. Urine Metabolites for Estimating Daily Intake of Nicotine from Cigarette Smoking. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2019. PMID: 30852610


  13. St Helen G, Nardone N, Addo N, Dempsey D, Havel C, Jacob P, Benowitz N. Differences in nicotine intake and effects from electronic and combustible cigarettes among dual users. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2019. PMID: 31691397


  14. Nardone N, Jain S, Addo N, St Helen G, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Sources and Biomarkers of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents. Academic pediatrics 2019. PMID: 31866460


  15. St Helen G, Liakoni E, Nardone N, Addo N, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Comparison of systemic exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during vaping, smoking, and abstention. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2019. PMID: 31554628


  16. Benowitz N, Nardone N, St Helen G, Addo N, Jacob P, Liakoni E, Jain S, Hooshfar S, Lynch K. Quantitative biochemical screening for marijuana use and concordance with tobacco use in urban adolescents. Drug and alcohol dependence 2019. PMID: 31600618


  17. Liakoni E, St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Jacob P, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Relationship between skin melanin index and nicotine pharmacokinetics in African American smokers. Drug and alcohol dependence 2019. PMID: 31521954


  18. St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Ko J, Jacob P, Gregorich SE, Pérez-Stable EJ, Murphy SE, Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK, Donny EC. Differences in exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds between Black and White cigarette smokers. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2019. PMID: 31406274


  19. Nardone N, Helen GS, Addo N, Meighan S, Benowitz NL. JUUL electronic cigarettes: Nicotine exposure and the user experience. Drug and alcohol dependence 2019. PMID: 31408770


  20. Stroud L, Werner E, Matteson K, Carey M, Helen GS, Eissenberg T, Scott-Sheldon LAJ. Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco use in pregnancy: use, preferences and perceptions of flavours. Volume 29 of Issue Suppl 2. Tobacco control 2019. PMID: 31320397


  21. St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Ahluwalia JS, Tyndale RF, Addo N, Gregorich SE, Pérez-Stable EJ, Cox LS. Black Light Smokers: How Nicotine Intake and Carcinogen Exposure Differ Across Various Biobehavioral Factors. Journal of the National Medical Association 2019. PMID: 31084916


  22. Liakoni E, Edwards KC, St Helen G, Nardone N, Dempsey DA, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Withdrawal Symptoms and Response to Cigarette Smoking After Abstinence. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2018. PMID: 30242831


  23. Elias J, Dutra LM, St Helen G, Ling PM. Revolution or redux? Assessing IQOS through a precursor product. Tobacco control 2018. PMID: 30305324


  24. St Helen G, Jacob Iii P, Nardone N, Benowitz NL. IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International's claim of reduced exposure. Tobacco control 2018. PMID: 30158205


  25. St Helen G, Eaton DL. Public Health Consequences of e-Cigarette Use. Volume 178 of Issue 7. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 29801158


  26. St Helen G, Shahid M, Chu S, Benowitz NL. Impact of e-liquid flavors on e-cigarette vaping behavior. Drug and alcohol dependence 2018. PMID: 29879680


  27. Benowitz NL, Nardone N, Jain S, Dempsey DA, Addo N, St Helen G, Jacob P. Comparison of Urine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)Pyridyl-1-Butanol and Cotinine for Assessment of Active and Passive Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2018. PMID: 29475963


  28. Velicer C, St Helen G, Glantz SA. Tobacco papers and tobacco industry ties in regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. Volume 39 of Issue 1. Journal of public health policy 2017. PMID: 29116189


  29. Havel CM, Benowitz NL, Jacob P, St Helen G. An Electronic Cigarette Vaping Machine for the Characterization of Aerosol Delivery and Composition. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2017. PMID: 27281605


  30. Benowitz NL, Jain S, Dempsey DA, Nardone N, Helen GS, Jacob P. Urine Cotinine Screening Detects Nearly Ubiquitous Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2017. PMID: 28031377


  31. St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Havel CM, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Impact of e-liquid flavors on nicotine intake and pharmacology of e-cigarettes. Drug and alcohol dependence 2017. PMID: 28704768


  32. Schick SF, Blount BC, Jacob P, Saliba NA, Bernert JT, El Hellani A, Jatlow P, Pappas RS, Wang L, Foulds J, Ghosh A, Hecht SS, Gomez JC, Martin JR, Mesaros C, Srivastava S, St Helen G, Tarran R, Lorkiewicz PK, Blair IA, Kimmel HL, Doerschuk CM, Benowitz NL, Bhatnagar A. Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2017. PMID: 28522563


  33. Taghavi T, St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Tyndale RF. Effect of UGT2B10, UGT2B17, FMO3, and OCT2 genetic variation on nicotine and cotinine pharmacokinetics and smoking in African Americans. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2017. PMID: 28178031


  34. St Helen G, Ross KC, Dempsey DA, Havel CM, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Nicotine Delivery and Vaping Behavior During ad Libitum E-cigarette Access. Tobacco regulatory science 2016. PMID: 28393086


  35. Benowitz NL, St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Jacob P, Tyndale RF. Disposition kinetics and metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in African American smokers: impact of CYP2A6 genetic variation and enzymatic activity. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2016. PMID: 27035242


  36. Ross KC, Dempsey DA, St Helen G, Delucchi K, Benowitz NL. The Influence of Puff Characteristics, Nicotine Dependence, and Rate of Nicotine Metabolism on Daily Nicotine Exposure in African American Smokers. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2016. PMID: 27030603


  37. St Helen G, Havel C, Dempsey DA, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2015. PMID: 26430813


  38. St Helen G, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Adetona O, Cassidy B, Bayer CW, Hendry R, Hall DB, Naeher LP. Exposure of pregnant women to cookstove-related household air pollution in urban and periurban Trujillo, Peru. Volume 70 of Issue 1. Archives of environmental & occupational health 2015. PMID: 24215174


  39. St Helen G, Jacob P, Peng M, Dempsey DA, Hammond SK, Benowitz NL. Intake of toxic and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds from secondhand smoke in motor vehicles. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2014. PMID: 25398951


  40. St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Dains KM, Havel C, Peng M, Jacob P. Nicotine and carcinogen exposure after water pipe smoking in hookah bars. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2014. PMID: 24836469


  41. Dempsey DA, St Helen G, Jacob P, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Genetic and pharmacokinetic determinants of response to transdermal nicotine in white, black, and Asian nonsmokers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2013. PMID: 23933970


  42. St Helen G, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Stability of the nicotine metabolite ratio in smokers of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2013. PMID: 23674838


  43. Jones IA, St Helen G, Meyers MJ, Dempsey DA, Havel C, Jacob P, Northcross A, Hammond SK, Benowitz NL. Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in automobiles. Tobacco control 2013. PMID: 23349229


  44. Benowitz NL, Dempsey D, Tyndale RF, St Helen G, Jacob P. Dose-independent kinetics with low level exposure to nicotine and cotinine. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2013. PMID: 22574797


  45. St Helen G, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco dependence and nicotine and carcinogen exposure. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2012. PMID: 22971134


  46. St Helen G, Holland NT, Balmes JR, Hall DB, Bernert JT, Vena JE, Wang JS, Naeher LP. Utility of urinary Clara cell protein (CC16) to demonstrate increased lung epithelial permeability in non-smokers exposed to outdoor secondhand smoke. Volume 23 of Issue 2. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2012. PMID: 22805990


  47. St Helen G, Novalen M, Heitjan DF, Dempsey D, Jacob P, Aziziyeh A, Wing VC, George TP, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2012. PMID: 22552800


  48. St Helen G, Bernert JT, Hall DB, Sosnoff CS, Xia Y, Balmes JR, Vena JE, Wang JS, Holland NT, Naeher LP. Exposure to secondhand smoke outside of a bar and a restaurant and tobacco exposure biomarkers in nonsmokers. Volume 120 of Issue 7. Environmental health perspectives 2012. PMID: 22484462


  49. St Helen G, Goniewicz ML, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Exposure and kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smokers. Chemical research in toxicology 2012. PMID: 22428611


  50. St Helen G, Hall DB, Kudon LH, Pearce J, Baptiste S, Ferguson S, Green T, Naeher LP. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide from secondhand smoke outside bars and restaurants in downtown Athens, Georgia. Volume 74 of Issue 3. Journal of environmental health 2011. PMID: 22010328


  51. Hall JC, Bernert JT, Hall DB, St Helen G, Kudon LH, Naeher LP. Assessment of exposure to secondhand smoke at outdoor bars and family restaurants in Athens, Georgia, using salivary cotinine. Volume 6 of Issue 11. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene 2009. PMID: 19757294