Peter Ganz, MD

Education
06/1982 - Cardiology Fellowship, Brigham and Women's Hospital
06/1979 - Medical Residency, Massachusetts General Hospital
MD, 06/1976 - Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Publications

  1. Kuku KO, Oyetoro R, Hashemian M, Livinski AA, Shearer JJ, Joo J, Psaty BM, Levy D, Ganz P, Roger VL. Proteomics for heart failure risk stratification: a systematic review. BMC medicine 2024. PMID: 38273315


  2. Kuku KO, Shearer JJ, Hashemian M, Oyetoro R, Park H, Dulek B, Bielinski SJ, Larson NB, Ganz P, Levy D, Psaty BM, Joo J, Roger VL. Development and Validation of a Protein Risk Score for Mortality in Heart Failure : A Community Cohort Study. Annals of internal medicine 2024. PMID: 38163367


  3. Kizer JR, Patel S, Ganz P, Newman AB, Bhasin S, Lee SJ, Cawthon PM, LeBrasseur N, Shah SJ, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Cummings SR. Circulating Growth Differentiation Factors 11 and 8, Their Antagonists Follistatin and Follistatin-like-3, and Risk of Heart Failure in Elders. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2023. PMID: 37624693


  4. Ren Y, Ruan P, Segal M, Dobre M, Schelling JR, Banerjee U, Shafi T, Ganz P, Dubin RF, CRIC Study Investigators. Evaluation of a large-scale aptamer proteomics platform among patients with kidney failure on dialysis. PloS one 2023. PMID: 38079395


  5. Newman AB, Patel S, Kizer J, Lee SJ, Bhasin S, Cawthon P, LeBrasseur N, Tracy RP, Ganz P, Cummings S. Evaluation of Associations of Growth Differentiation Factor-11, Growth Differentiation Factor-8 and their Binding Proteins Follistatin and Follistatin-like protein-3 with Dementia and Cognition. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2023. PMID: 36660892


  6. Cawthon PM, Patel S, Newman AB, Bhasin S, Peng L, Tracy R, Kizer JR, Lee SJ, Ferrucci L, Ganz P, LeBrasseur NK, Cummings S. Evaluation of Associations of Growth Differentiation Factor-11, Growth Differentiation Factor-8 and their Binding Proteins Follistatin and Follistatin-like protein-3 with Measures of Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adu The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2023. PMID: 36752218


  7. Dubin RF, Deo R, Ren Y, Wang J, Zheng Z, Shou H, Go AS, Parsa A, Lash JP, Rahman M, Hsu CY, Weir MR, Chen J, Anderson A, Grams ME, Surapaneni A, Coresh J, Li H, Kimmel PL, Vasan RS, Feldman H, Segal MR, Ganz P, CRIC Study Investigators, CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Proteomics of CKD progression in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort. Nature communications 2023. PMID: 37816758


  8. Huang AJ, Cummings SR, Ganz P, Schembri M, Raghunathan H, Vittinghoff E, Gibson CJ, Grady D. Efficacy of Continuous Transdermal Nitroglycerin for Treating Hot Flashes by Inducing Nitrate Cross-tolerance in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA internal medicine 2023. PMID: 37273224


  9. Walker KA, Chen J, Shi L, Yang Y, Fornage M, Zhou L, Schlosser P, Surapaneni A, Grams ME, Duggan MR, Peng Z, Gomez GT, Tin A, Hoogeveen RC, Sullivan KJ, Ganz P, Lindbohm JV, Kivimaki M, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Buckley N, Gottesman RF, Mosley TH, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM, Coresh J. Proteomics analysis of plasma from middle-aged adults identifies protein markers of dementia risk in later life. Science translational medicine 2023. PMID: 37467317


  10. Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Ganz P, Miller ER, Coresh J, Appel LJ, Rebholz CM. Associations of circulating proteins with lipoprotein profiles: proteomic analyses from the OmniHeart randomized trial and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Clinical proteomics 2023. PMID: 37400771


  11. Deo R, Dubin RF, Ren Y, Murthy AC, Wang J, Zheng H, Zheng Z, Feldman H, Shou H, Coresh J, Grams M, Surapaneni AL, Bhat Z, Cohen JB, Rahman M, He J, Saraf SL, Go AS, Kimmel PL, Vasan RS, Segal MR, Li H, Ganz P. Proteomic cardiovascular risk assessment in chronic kidney disease. European heart journal 2023. PMID: 37014015


  12. Dubin RF, Deo R, Ren Y, Lee H, Shou H, Feldman H, Kimmel P, Waikar SS, Rhee EP, Tin A, Chen J, Coresh J, Go AS, Kelly T, Rao PS, Chen TK, Segal MR, Ganz P. Analytical and Biological Variability of a Commercial Modified Aptamer Assay in Plasma Samples of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. The journal of applied laboratory medicine 2023. PMID: 36705086


  13. Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Ganz P, Du S, Tang O, Yu B, Chatterjee N, Appel LJ, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Identification of Protein Biomarkers of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet in Randomized Feeding Studies and Validation in an Observational Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2023. PMID: 36974735


  14. Kiernan E, Surapaneni A, Zhou L, Schlosser P, Walker KA, Rhee EP, Ballantyne CM, Deo R, Dubin RF, Ganz P, Coresh J, Grams ME. Alterations in the Circulating Proteome Associated with Albuminuria. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2023. PMID: 36890639


  15. Du S, Chen J, Kim H, Walker ME, Lichtenstein AH, Chatterjee N, Ganz P, Yu B, Vasan RS, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Plasma Protein Biomarkers of Healthy Dietary Patterns: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Framingham Heart Study. The Journal of nutrition 2022. PMID: 36913470


  16. Mohammadi L, Han DD, Xu F, Huang A, Derakhshandeh R, Rao P, Whitlatch A, Cheng J, Keith RJ, Hamburg NM, Ganz P, Hellman J, Schick SF, Springer ML. Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2022. PMID: 36288290


  17. Wen D, Zhou L, Zheng Z, Surapaneni A, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Shlipak MG, Waikar SS, Vasan RS, Kimmel PL, Dubin RF, Deo R, Feldman HI, Ganz P, Coresh J, Grams ME, Rhee EP, CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2022. PMID: 36288905


  19. Parikh NI, Arowolo F, Durstenfeld MS, Nah G, Njoroge J, Vittinghoff E, Long CS, Ganz P, Pearce D, Hsue P, Wu AHS, Hajizadeh N, Liu KD, Lynch KL. Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Have Higher Plasma Aldosterone-Renin Ratio and Lower ACE Activity Than Controls. Journal of the Endocrine Society 2022. PMID: 36338506


  20. Williams SA, Ostroff R, Hinterberg MA, Coresh J, Ballantyne CM, Matsushita K, Mueller CE, Walter J, Jonasson C, Holman RR, Shah SH, Sattar N, Taylor R, Lean ME, Kato S, Shimokawa H, Sakata Y, Nochioka K, Parikh CR, Coca SG, Omland T, Chadwick J, Astling D, Hagar Y, Kureshi N, Loupy K, Paterson C, Primus J, Simpson M, Trujillo NP, Ganz P. A proteomic surrogate for cardiovascular outcomes that is sensitive to multiple mechanisms of change in risk. TO REMOVE 2022. PMID: 35385337


  21. Thakkar AB, Ma Y, Dela Cruz M, Wu Y, Arechiga V, Swaminathan S, Ganz P, Wu AHB, Scherzer R, Deeks S, Hsue PY. Effect of HIV-1 Infection on Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Levels and Measures of Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Dysfunction. TO REMOVE 2021. PMID: 34726064


  22. Grams ME, Surapaneni A, Chen J, Zhou L, Yu Z, Dutta D, Welling PA, Chatterjee N, Zhang J, Arking DE, Chen TK, Rebholz CM, Yu B, Schlosser P, Rhee EP, Ballantyne CM, Boerwinkle E, Lutsey PL, Mosley T, Feldman HI, Dubin RF, Ganz P, Lee H, Zheng Z, Coresh J. Proteins Associated with Risk of Kidney Function Decline in the General Population. TO REMOVE 2021. PMID: 34465608


  23. Liu RX, Thiessen-Philbrook HR, Vasan RS, Coresh J, Ganz P, Bonventre JV, Kimmel PL, Parikh CR. Comparison of proteomic methods in evaluating biomarker-AKI associations in cardiac surgery patients. TO REMOVE 2021. PMID: 34343625


  24. Walker KA, Chen J, Zhang J, Fornage M, Yang Y, Zhou L, Grams ME, Tin A, Daya N, Hoogeveen RC, Wu A, Sullivan KJ, Ganz P, Zeger SL, Gudmundsson EF, Emilsson V, Launer LJ, Jennings LL, Gudnason V, Chatterjee N, Gottesman RF, Mosley TH, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM, Coresh J. Large-scale plasma proteomic analysis identifies proteins and pathways associated with dementia risk. Nature aging 2021. PMID: 37118015


  26. Yang J, Brody EN, Murthy AC, Mehler RE, Weiss SJ, DeLisle RK, Ostroff R, Williams SA, Ganz P. Impact of Kidney Function on the Blood Proteome and on Protein Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease. Volume 9 of Issue 15. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020. PMID: 32696702


  27. Ferrannini E, Murthy AC, Lee YH, Muscelli E, Weiss S, Ostroff RM, Sattar N, Williams SA, Ganz P. Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition: Insights From Large-Scale Proteomics. Diabetes care 2020. PMID: 32527800


  28. Rich DQ, Thurston SW, Balmes JR, Bromberg PA, Arjomandi M, Hazucha MJ, Alexis NE, Ganz P, Zareba W, Thevenet-Morrison K, Koutrakis P, Frampton MW. Does Ambient Ozone or Other Pollutants Modify Effects of Controlled Ozone Exposure on Pulmonary Function? Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2020. PMID: 32125874


  29. Grubbs V, Garcia F, Vittinghoff E, Jue BL, Ryder M, Lovett DH, Offenbacher S, Taylor G, Ganz P, Bibbins-Domingo K, Powe NR. Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in CKD: Findings of the Kidney and Periodontal Disease (KAPD) Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Kidney Medicine 2019. PMID: 32734226


  30. Williams SA, Kivimaki M, Langenberg C, Hingorani AD, Casas JP, Bouchard C, Jonasson C, Sarzynski MA, Shipley MJ, Alexander L, Ash J, Bauer T, Chadwick J, Datta G, DeLisle RK, Hagar Y, Hinterberg M, Ostroff R, Weiss S, Ganz P, Wareham NJ. Plasma protein patterns as comprehensive indicators of health. Volume 25 of Issue 12. Nature medicine 2019. PMID: 31792462


  31. Benson MD, Ngo D, Ganz P, Gerszten RE. Emerging Affinity Reagents for High Throughput Proteomics: Trust, but Verify. Volume 140 of Issue 20. Circulation 2019. PMID: 31710523


  32. Ganz T, Ganz P. William Ganz and His Legacy. Volume 170 of Issue 10. Annals of internal medicine 2019. PMID: 31108522


  33. Papolos A, Fan E, Wagle RR, Foster E, Boyle AJ, Yeghiazarians Y, MacGregor JS, Grossman W, Schiller NB, Ganz P, Tison GH. Echocardiographic determination of pulmonary arterial capacitance. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2019. PMID: 30968263


  34. Wei J, Shufelt C, Oestreicher Stock E, Mills C, Dhawan S, Jacob R, Torbati T, Cook-Wiens G, Benowitz N, Jacob P, Ganz P, Bairey Merz CN, Redberg R. Vascular Aging is Accelerated in Flight Attendants with Occupational Secondhand Smoke Exposure. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2018. PMID: 30475308


  35. Ayer A, Mills C, Donovan C, Christenson RH, Ganz P, Dubin RF. Associations of microvascular dysfunction with cardiovascular outcomes: The cardiac, endothelial function and arterial stiffness in ESRD (CERES) cohort. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis 2019. PMID: 30724445


  36. Conklin DJ, Schick S, Blaha MJ, Carll A, DeFilippis A, Ganz P, Hall ME, Hamburg N, O'Toole T, Reynolds L, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Cardiovascular injury induced by tobacco products: assessment of risk factors and biomarkers of harm. A Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science compilation. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2019. PMID: 30707616


  37. Tin A, Yu B, Ma J, Masushita K, Daya N, Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM, Couper D, Rebholz CM, Grams ME, Alonso A, Mosley T, Heiss G, Ganz P, Selvin E, Boerwinkle E, Coresh J. Reproducibility and Variability of Protein Analytes Measured Using a Multiplexed Modified Aptamer Assay. TO REMOVE 2019. PMID: 31639705


  38. Dubin RF, Whooley M, Pico A, Ganz P, Schiller NB, Meyer C. Proteomic analysis of heart failure hospitalization among patients with chronic kidney disease: The Heart and Soul Study. PloS one 2018. PMID: 30557359


  39. Narla V, Bhakta N, Freedman JE, Tanriverdi K, Maka K, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Hsue P. Unique Circulating MicroRNA Profiles in HIV Infection. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2018. PMID: 30204717


  40. Hsue PY, Li D, Ma Y, Ishai A, Manion M, Nahrendorf M, Ganz P, Ridker PM, Deeks SG, Tawakol A. IL-1ß Inhibition Reduces Atherosclerotic Inflammation in HIV Infection. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2018. PMID: 30497570


  41. Lu DY, Yalçin H, Sivalokanathan S, Greenland GV, Vasquez N, Yalçin F, Zhao M, Valenta I, Ganz P, Pampaloni MH, Zimmerman S, Schindler TH, Abraham TP, Abraham MR. Higher incidence of vasodilator-induced left ventricular cavity dilation by PET when compared to treadmill exercise-ECHO in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2018. PMID: 30456498


  42. Rich DQ, Balmes JR, Frampton MW, Zareba W, Stark P, Arjomandi M, Hazucha MJ, Costantini MG, Ganz P, Hollenbeck-Pringle D, Dagincourt N, Bromberg PA. Cardiovascular function and ozone exposure: The Multicenter Ozone Study in oldEr Subjects (MOSES). Environment international 2018. PMID: 29980042


  44. Williams SA, Murthy AC, DeLisle RK, Hyde C, Malarstig A, Ostroff R, Weiss SJ, Segal MR, Ganz P. Improving Assessment of Drug Safety Through Proteomics: Early Detection and Mechanistic Characterization of the Unforeseen Harmful Effects of Torcetrapib. Volume 137 of Issue 10. Circulation 2017. PMID: 28974520


  45. Guajardo I, Ayer A, Johnson AD, Ganz P, Mills C, Donovan C, Scherzer R, Shah SJ, Peralta CA, Dubin RF. Sex differences in vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes: The cardiac, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in ESRD (CERES) study. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis 2017. PMID: 28272770


  46. Tawakol A, Ishai A, Li D, Takx RA, Hur S, Kaiser Y, Pampaloni M, Rupert A, Hsu D, Sereti I, Fromentin R, Chomont N, Ganz P, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Association of Arterial and Lymph Node Inflammation With Distinct Inflammatory Pathways in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. JAMA cardiology 2017. PMID: 27926762


  47. Huang AJ, Ganz P, Grady D, Cummings SR. In Reply. Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2017. PMID: 28002350


  48. Sinha A, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Hur S, Li D, Ganz P, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Role of T-Cell Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Coagulation in Microvascular Disease in HIV. Journal of the American Heart Association 2016. PMID: 27998918


  49. Grubbs V, Garcia F, Jue BL, Vittinghoff E, Ryder M, Lovett D, Carrillo J, Offenbacher S, Ganz P, Bibbins-Domingo K, Powe NR. The Kidney and Periodontal Disease (KAPD) study: A pilot randomized controlled trial testing the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on chronic kidney disease. Volume 53. Contemporary clinical trials 2016. PMID: 28011387


  50. Dubin RF, Guajardo I, Ayer A, Mills C, Donovan C, Beussink L, Scherzer R, Ganz P, Shah SJ. Associations of Macro- and Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction With Subclinical Ventricular Dysfunction in End-Stage Renal Disease. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2016. PMID: 27550915


  51. Ganz P, Heidecker B, Hveem K, Jonasson C, Kato S, Segal MR, Sterling DG, Williams SA. Development and Validation of a Protein-Based Risk Score for Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease. Volume 315 of Issue 23. JAMA 2016. PMID: 27327800


  52. Kohli P, Ganz P, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Hur S, Weigel B, Grunfeld C, Deeks S, Wasserman S, Scott R, Hsue PY. HIV and Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients Have Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Despite Higher Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9): An Apparent "PCSK9-Lipid Paradox". Volume 5 of Issue 5. Journal of the American Heart Association 2016. PMID: 27130349


  53. Walker RG, Poggioli T, Katsimpardi L, Buchanan SM, Oh J, Wattrus S, Heidecker B, Fong YW, Rubin LL, Ganz P, Thompson TB, Wagers AJ, Lee RT. Biochemistry and Biology of GDF11 and Myostatin: Similarities, Differences, and Questions for Future Investigation. Volume 118 of Issue 7. Circulation research 2016. PMID: 27034275


  54. Huang AJ, Cummings SR, Schembri M, Vittinghoff E, Ganz P, Grady D. Continuous transdermal nitroglycerin therapy for menopausal hot flashes: a single-arm, dose-escalation trial. Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2016. PMID: 26263283


  55. Parikh RV, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Heringer AS, Macgregor JS, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Endothelin-1 Predicts Hemodynamically Assessed Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in HIV Infection. PloS one 2016. PMID: 26752193


  56. Spencer RM, Heidecker B, Ganz P. Behavioral Cardiovascular Risk Factors - Effect of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cardiovascular Outcomes. Volume 80 of Issue 1. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2015. PMID: 26673004


  57. Park M, Kulkarni A, Beatty A, Ganz P, Regan M, Vittinghoff E, Whooley M. Soluble endothelial cell selective adhesion molecule and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary disease: A report from the Heart and Soul Study. Atherosclerosis 2015. PMID: 26523992


  58. Olson KA, Beatty AL, Heidecker B, Regan MC, Brody EN, Foreman T, Kato S, Mehler RE, Singer BS, Hveem K, Dalen H, Sterling DG, Lawn RM, Schiller NB, Williams SA, Whooley MA, Ganz P. Association of growth differentiation factor 11/8, putative anti-ageing factor, with cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality in humans: analysis of the Heart and Soul and HUNT3 cohorts. European heart journal 2015. PMID: 26294790


  59. Secemsky EA, Scherzer R, Nitta E, Wu AH, Lange DC, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Snider J, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Novel Biomarkers of Cardiac Stress, Cardiovascular Dysfunction, and Outcomes in HIV-Infected Individuals. JACC. Heart failure 2015. PMID: 26164679


  60. Beatty AL, Ku IA, Bibbins-Domingo K, Christenson RH, DeFilippi CR, Ganz P, Ix JH, Lloyd-Jones D, Omland T, Sabatine MS, Schiller NB, Shlipak MG, Skali H, Takeuchi M, Vittinghoff E, Whooley MA. Traditional Risk Factors Versus Biomarkers for Prediction of Secondary Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: From the Heart and Soul Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2015. PMID: 26150476


  61. Waldo SW, Brenner DA, McCabe JM, De la Cruz M, Long B, Narla VA, Park J, Kulkarni A, Sinclair E, Chan SY, Schick SF, Malik N, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Correction: A novel minimally-invasive method to sample human endothelial cells for molecular profiling. Volume 10 of Issue 5. PloS one 2015. PMID: 25938419


  62. Matsuzawa Y, Svedlund S, Aoki T, Guddeti RR, Kwon TG, Cilluffo R, Widmer RJ, Nelson RE, Lennon RJ, Lerman LO, Gao S, Ganz P, Gan LM, Lerman A. Utility of both carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial function for cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with angina-like symptoms. Volume 190. International journal of cardiology 2015. PMID: 25918056


  63. Waldo SW, Brenner DA, McCabe JM, Dela Cruz M, Long B, Narla VA, Park J, Kulkarni A, Sinclair E, Chan SY, Schick SF, Malik N, Ganz P, Hsue PY. A novel minimally-invasive method to sample human endothelial cells for molecular profiling. Volume 10 of Issue 2. PloS one 2015. PMID: 25679506


  64. Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Imboden J, Wu Y, Del Puerto G, Nitta E, Shigenaga J, Schnell Heringer A, Ganz P, Graf J. Depletion of B-cells with rituximab improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Volume 3 of Issue 5. Journal of the American Heart Association 2014. PMID: 25336464


  65. Fang SC, Rosen RC, Vita JA, Ganz P, Kupelian V. Changes in erectile dysfunction over time in relation to Framingham cardiovascular risk in the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. Volume 12 of Issue 1. The journal of sexual medicine 2014. PMID: 25293632


  66. Gerber RE, Vita JA, Ganz P, Wager CG, Araujo AB, Rosen RC, Kupelian V. Association of peripheral microvascular dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. Volume 193 of Issue 2. The Journal of urology 2014. PMID: 25196657


  67. Parikh RV, Scherzer R, Nitta EM, Leone A, Hur S, Mistry V, Macgregor JS, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Increased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine are associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in HIV infection. AIDS (London, England) 2014. PMID: 24469026


  68. Waldo SW, Brenner DA, Li S, Alexander K, Ganz P. Reperfusion times and in-hospital outcomes among patients with an isolated posterior myocardial infarction: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). Volume 167 of Issue 3. American heart journal 2013. PMID: 24576519


  69. Miner M, Nehra A, Jackson G, Bhasin S, Billups K, Burnett AL, Buvat J, Carson C, Cunningham G, Ganz P, Goldstein I, Guay A, Hackett G, Kloner RA, Kostis JB, LaFlamme KE, Montorsi P, Ramsey M, Rosen R, Sadovsky R, Seftel A, Shabsigh R, Vlachopoulos C, Wu F. All men with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction require a cardiovascular workup. Volume 127 of Issue 3. The American journal of medicine 2013. PMID: 24423973


  70. Park M, Vittinghoff E, Ganz P, Peralta CA, Whooley M, Shlipak MG. Role of soluble endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule biomarker in albuminuria and kidney function changes in patients with coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul Study. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2013. PMID: 24177327


  71. McCabe JM, Armstrong EJ, Ku I, Kulkarni A, Hoffmayer KS, Bhave PD, Waldo SW, Hsue P, Stein JC, Marcus GM, Kinlay S, Ganz P. Physician accuracy in interpreting potential ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction electrocardiograms. Journal of the American Heart Association 2013. PMID: 24096575


  72. Turner TE, Waldo SW, Kulkarni A, Armstrong EJ, Hoffmayer KS, Kinlay S, Hsue P, Ganz P, McCabe JM. Long-term outcomes of patients sent emergently to the catheterization laboratory for possible primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Volume 112 of Issue 11. The American journal of cardiology 2013. PMID: 24063836


  73. Waldo SW, Armstrong EJ, Kulkarni A, Hoffmayer KS, Hsue P, Ganz P, McCabe JM. Clinical characteristics and reperfusion times among patients with an isolated posterior myocardial infarction. Volume 25 of Issue 8. The Journal of invasive cardiology 2013. PMID: 23913600


  74. Brenner DA, Dela Cruz M, Thomas K, McCabe JM, Ganz P, Hsue PY, Waldo SW. Emergency medical service utilization and door-to-balloon time for HIV-infected individuals with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Volume 168 of Issue 5. International journal of cardiology 2013. PMID: 23871355


  75. Ganz P, Hsue PY. Endothelial dysfunction in coronary heart disease is more than a systemic process. Volume 34 of Issue 27. European heart journal 2013. PMID: 23756335


  76. Parikh RV, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Nitta EM, Leone A, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine are associated with lower CD4+ count and higher viral load in HIV-infected individuals. Volume 229 of Issue 1. Atherosclerosis 2013. PMID: 23711612


  77. Kanaya AM, Dobrosielski DA, Ganz P, Creasman J, Gupta R, Nelacanti V, Vogel-Claussen J, Herrington D. Glycemic associations with endothelial function and biomarkers among 5 ethnic groups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America studies. Journal of the American Heart Association 2013. PMID: 23525433


  78. Waldo SW, Armstrong EJ, Kulkarni A, Hoffmayer K, Kinlay S, Hsue P, Ganz P, McCabe JM. Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of cardiac arrest survivors having versus not having coronary angiography. Volume 111 of Issue 9. The American journal of cardiology 2013. PMID: 23391104


  79. Zamani P, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Rifai N, Bao W, Libby P, Ganz P, Kinlay S. Inflammatory biomarkers, death, and recurrent nonfatal coronary events after an acute coronary syndrome in the MIRACL study. Volume 2 of Issue 1. Journal of the American Heart Association 2013. PMID: 23525424


  80. McCabe JM, Armstrong EJ, Hoffmayer KS, Bhave PD, MacGregor JS, Hsue P, Stein JC, Kinlay S, Ganz P. Impact of door-to-activation time on door-to-balloon time in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions: a report from the Activate-SF registry. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2012. PMID: 22949494


  81. Flammer AJ, Anderson T, Celermajer DS, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Ganz P, Hamburg NM, Lüscher TF, Shechter M, Taddei S, Vita JA, Lerman A. The assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practice. Volume 126 of Issue 6. Circulation 2012. PMID: 22869857


  82. Armstrong EJ, Kulkarni AR, Bhave PD, Hoffmayer KS, Macgregor JS, Stein JC, Kinlay S, Ganz P, McCabe JM. Electrocardiographic criteria for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The American journal of cardiology 2012. PMID: 22738872


  83. McCabe JM, Armstrong EJ, Kulkarni A, Hoffmayer KS, Bhave PD, Garg S, Patel A, MacGregor JS, Hsue P, Stein JC, Kinlay S, Ganz P. Prevalence and factors associated with false-positive ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction diagnoses at primary percutaneous coronary intervention–capable centers: a report from the Activate-SF registry. Archives of internal medicine 2012. PMID: 22566489


  84. Miner M, Seftel AD, Nehra A, Ganz P, Kloner RA, Montorsi P, Vlachopoulos C, Ramsey M, Sigman M, Tilkemeier P, Jackson G. Prognostic utility of erectile dysfunction for cardiovascular disease in younger men and those with diabetes. Volume 164 of Issue 1. American heart journal 2012. PMID: 22795278


  85. Ho JE, Scherzer R, Hecht FM, Maka K, Selby V, Martin JN, Ganz P, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. The association of CD4+ T-cell counts and cardiovascular risk in treated HIV disease. AIDS (London, England) 2012. PMID: 22382147


  86. Frey PF, Ganz P, Hsue PY, Benowitz NL, Glantz SA, Balmes JR, Schick SF. The exposure-dependent effects of aged secondhand smoke on endothelial function. Volume 59 of Issue 21. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012. PMID: 22595411


  87. Hsue PY, Scherzer R, Hunt PW, Schnell A, Bolger AF, Kalapus SC, Maka K, Martin JN, Ganz P, Deeks SG. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in HIV-Infected Adults Occurs Preferentially at the Carotid Bifurcation and Is Predicted by Inflammation. Volume 1 of Issue 2. Journal of the American Heart Association 2012. PMID: 23130122


  88. Armstrong EJ, Kulkarni AR, Hoffmayer KS, Bhave PD, MacGregor JS, Hsue P, Stein JC, Kinlay S, Ganz P, McCabe JM. Delaying primary percutaneous coronary intervention for computed tomographic scans in the emergency department. The American journal of cardiology 2012. PMID: 22534052


  89. Zamani P, Ganz P, Libby P, Sutradhar SC, Rifai N, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE, Kinlay S. Relationship of antihypertensive treatment to plasma markers of vascular inflammation and remodeling in the Comparison of Amlodipine versus Enalapril to Limit Occurrences of Thrombosis study. Volume 163 of Issue 4. American heart journal 2012. PMID: 22520542


  90. Hong TT, Cogswell R, James CA, Kang G, Pullinger CR, Malloy MJ, Kane JP, Wojciak J, Calkins H, Scheinman MM, Tseng ZH, Ganz P, De Marco T, Judge DP, Shaw RM. Plasma BIN1 correlates with heart failure and predicts arrhythmia in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Volume 9 of Issue 6. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 22300662


  91. Hsue PY, Ordovas K, Lee T, Reddy G, Gotway M, Schnell A, Ho JE, Selby V, Madden E, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Ganz P, Waters DD. Carotid intima-media thickness among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients without coronary calcium. The American journal of cardiology 2011. PMID: 22169125


  92. Secemsky EA, Lange D, Ho JE, Brayton K, Ganz PA, Farr G, Macgregor JS, Hsue PY. Improvement in revascularization time after creation of a coronary catheterization laboratory at a public hospital. Archives of internal medicine 2011. PMID: 22123753


  93. Bhave PD, Hoffmayer KS, Armstrong EJ, Garg S, Patel A, Macgregor JS, Stein JC, Kinlay S, Ganz P, McCabe JM. Predictors of depressed left ventricular function in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The American journal of cardiology 2011. PMID: 22078964


  94. Di Carli MF, Charytan D, McMahon GT, Ganz P, Dorbala S, Schelbert HR. Coronary circulatory function in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Volume 52 of Issue 9. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011. PMID: 21849399


  95. Welles CC, Whooley MA, Na B, Ganz P, Schiller NB, Turakhia MP. The CHADS2 score predicts ischemic stroke in the absence of atrial fibrillation among subjects with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. American heart journal 2011. PMID: 21884876


  96. Dubin R, Owens C, Gasper W, Ganz P, Johansen K. Associations of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness with intradialytic hypotension and hypertension. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis 2011. PMID: 21658174


  97. Morishige K, Kacher DF, Libby P, Josephson L, Ganz P, Weissleder R, Aikawa M. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with superparamagnetic nanoparticles measures macrophage burden in atherosclerosis. Volume 122 of Issue 17. Circulation 2010. PMID: 20937980


  98. Friedewald VE, Ganz P, Kremer JM, Mease PJ, O'Dell JR, Pearson TA, Ram CV, Ridker PM, Salmon JE, Roberts WC. AJC editor's consensus: rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Volume 106 of Issue 3. The American journal of cardiology 2010. PMID: 20643261


  99. Ho JE, Deeks SG, Hecht FM, Xie Y, Schnell A, Martin JN, Ganz P, Hsue PY. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at higher nadir CD4+ T-cell counts is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 20543654


  100. Edelbauer M, Datta D, Vos IH, Basu A, Stack MP, Reinders ME, Sho M, Calzadilla K, Ganz P, Briscoe DM. Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor KDR on the transendothelial migration and local trafficking of human T cells in vitro and in vivo. Volume 116 of Issue 11. Blood 2010. PMID: 20538805


  101. Araujo AB, Hall SA, Ganz P, Chiu GR, Rosen RC, Kupelian V, Travison TG, McKinlay JB. Does erectile dysfunction contribute to cardiovascular disease risk prediction beyond the Framingham risk score? Volume 55 of Issue 4. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2010. PMID: 20117441


  102. Ganz P, Hsue PY. Assessment of structural disease in the coronary microvasculature. Volume 120 of Issue 16. Circulation 2009. PMID: 19805646


  103. Hsue PY, Hunt PW, Wu Y, Schnell A, Ho JE, Hatano H, Xie Y, Martin JN, Ganz P, Deeks SG. Association of abacavir and impaired endothelial function in treated and suppressed HIV-infected patients. Volume 23 of Issue 15. AIDS (London, England) 2009. PMID: 19542863


  104. Beltrame JF, Ganz P. Evaluating patients with persistent chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease. Volume 302 of Issue 6. JAMA 2009. PMID: 19671898


  105. Larose E, Behrendt D, Kinlay S, Selwyn AP, Ganz P, Fang JC. Endothelin-1 is a key mediator of coronary vasoconstriction in patients with transplant coronary arteriosclerosis. Volume 2 of Issue 5. Circulation. Heart failure 2009. PMID: 19808370


  106. Araujo AB, Travison TG, Ganz P, Chiu GR, Kupelian V, Rosen RC, Hall SA, McKinlay JB. Erectile dysfunction and mortality. Volume 6 of Issue 9. The journal of sexual medicine 2009. PMID: 19538544


  107. Fraley AE, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Kinlay S, Szarek M, Rifai N, Libby P, Ganz P, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S. Relationship of oxidized phospholipids and biomarkers of oxidized low-density lipoprotein with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and effect of statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Results from the MIRACL (Myocardia Volume 53 of Issue 23. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009. PMID: 19497447


  108. Ganz P, Ho JE, Hsue PY. Structural and functional manifestations of human atherosclerosis: do they run in parallel? Volume 30 of Issue 13. European heart journal 2009. PMID: 19502231


  109. Hsue PY, Hunt PW, Schnell A, Kalapus SC, Hoh R, Ganz P, Martin JN, Deeks SG. Role of viral replication, antiretroviral therapy, and immunodeficiency in HIV-associated atherosclerosis. Volume 23 of Issue 9. AIDS (London, England) 2009. PMID: 19390417


  110. Ku IA, Imboden JB, Hsue PY, Ganz P. Rheumatoid arthritis: model of systemic inflammation driving atherosclerosis. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2009. PMID: 19430165


  111. Kinlay S, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Rifai N, Bao W, Libby P, Ganz P. Endogenous tissue plasminogen activator and risk of recurrent cardiac events after an acute coronary syndrome in the MIRACL study. Volume 206 of Issue 2. Atherosclerosis 2009. PMID: 19394618


  112. Ganz P, Hsue PY. Individualized approach to the management of coronary heart disease: identifying the nonresponders before it is too late. Volume 53 of Issue 4. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009. PMID: 19161881


  113. Rawlings R, Nohria A, Liu PY, Donnelly J, Creager MA, Ganz P, Selwyn A, Liao JK. Comparison of effects of rosuvastatin (10 mg) versus atorvastatin (40 mg) on rho kinase activity in caucasian men with a previous atherosclerotic event. Volume 103 of Issue 4. The American journal of cardiology 2008. PMID: 19195498


  114. Nohria A, Prsic A, Liu PY, Okamoto R, Creager MA, Selwyn A, Liao JK, Ganz P. Statins inhibit Rho kinase activity in patients with atherosclerosis. Volume 205 of Issue 2. Atherosclerosis 2008. PMID: 19167712


  115. Serruys PW, García-García HM, Buszman P, Erne P, Verheye S, Aschermann M, Duckers H, Bleie O, Dudek D, Bøtker HE, von Birgelen C, D'Amico D, Hutchinson T, Zambanini A, Mastik F, van Es GA, van der Steen AF, Vince DG, Ganz P, Hamm CW, Wijns W, Zalewski A. Effects of the direct lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) inhibitor darapladib on human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Volume 118 of Issue 11. Circulation 2008. PMID: 18765397


  116. Kinlay S, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Rifai N, Szarek M, Waters DD, Libby P, Ganz P. Inflammation, statin therapy, and risk of stroke after an acute coronary syndrome in the MIRACL study. Volume 28 of Issue 1. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2007. PMID: 17991875


  117. Larose E, Kinlay S, Selwyn AP, Yeghiazarians Y, Yucel EK, Kacher DF, Libby P, Ganz P. Improved characterization of atherosclerotic plaques by gadolinium contrast during intravascular magnetic resonance imaging of human arteries. Atherosclerosis 2007. PMID: 17391676


  118. Larose E, Ganz P, Reynolds HG, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Brown KA, Kwong RY. Right ventricular dysfunction assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging predicts poor prognosis late after myocardial infarction. Volume 49 of Issue 8. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007. PMID: 17320743


  119. Nohria A, Grunert ME, Rikitake Y, Noma K, Prsic A, Ganz P, Liao JK, Creager MA. Rho kinase inhibition improves endothelial function in human subjects with coronary artery disease. Volume 99 of Issue 12. Circulation research 2006. PMID: 17095725


  120. Ray KK, Cannon CP, Ganz P. Beyond lipid lowering: What have we learned about the benefits of statins from the acute coronary syndromes trials? Volume 98 of Issue 11A. The American journal of cardiology 2006. PMID: 17126675


  121. Nohria A, Gerhard-Herman M, Creager MA, Hurley S, Mitra D, Ganz P. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of digital pulse volume amplitude in humans. Volume 101 of Issue 2. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2006. PMID: 16614356


  122. Behrendt D, Beltrame J, Hikiti H, Wainstein M, Kinlay S, Selwyn AP, Ganz P, Fang JC. Impact of coronary endothelial function on the progression of cardiac transplant-associated arteriosclerosis: effect of anti-oxidant vitamins C and E. Volume 25 of Issue 4. The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 2006. PMID: 16563973


  123. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Brewer HB, Sipahi I, Nicholls SJ, Ganz P, Schoenhagen P, Waters DD, Pepine CJ, Crowe TD, Davidson MH, Deanfield JE, Wisniewski LM, Hanyok JJ, Kassalow LM. Effect of ACAT inhibition on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Volume 354 of Issue 12. The New England journal of medicine 2006. PMID: 16554527


  124. Kostis JB, Jackson G, Rosen R, Barrett-Connor E, Billups K, Burnett AL, Carson C, Cheitlin M, Debusk R, Fonseca V, Ganz P, Goldstein I, Guay A, Hatzichristou D, Hollander JE, Hutter A, Katz S, Kloner RA, Mittleman M, Montorsi F, Montorsi P, Nehra A, Sadovsky R, Shabsigh R. Sexual dysfunction and cardiac risk (the Second Princeton Consensus Conference). Volume 96 of Issue 12B. The American journal of cardiology 2005. PMID: 16387575


  125. Larose E, Yeghiazarians Y, Libby P, Yucel EK, Aikawa M, Kacher DF, Aikawa E, Kinlay S, Schoen FJ, Selwyn AP, Ganz P. Characterization of human atherosclerotic plaques by intravascular magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2005. PMID: 16203910


  126. Ganz P. Erectile dysfunction: pathophysiologic mechanisms pointing to underlying cardiovascular disease. Volume 96 of Issue 12B. The American journal of cardiology 2005. PMID: 16387559


  127. Kostis JB, Jackson G, Rosen R, Barrett-Connor E, Billups K, Burnett AL, Carson C, Cheitlin M, Debusk R, Fonseca V, Ganz P, Goldstein I, Guay A, Hatzichristou D, Hollander JE, Hutter A, Katz S, Kloner RA, Mittleman M, Montorsi F, Montorsi P, Nehra A, Sadovsky R, Shabsigh R. Sexual dysfunction and cardiac risk (the Second Princeton Consensus Conference). Volume 96 of Issue 2. The American journal of cardiology 2005. PMID: 16018863


  128. Olsson AG, Schwartz GG, Szarek M, Sasiela WJ, Ezekowitz MD, Ganz P, Oliver MF, Waters D, Zeiher A. High-density lipoprotein, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels influence short-term prognosis after acute coronary syndrome: results from the MIRACL trial. Volume 26 of Issue 9. European heart journal 2005. PMID: 15764620


  129. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Crowe T, Sasiela WJ, Tsai J, Orazem J, Magorien RD, O'Shaughnessy C, Ganz P. Statin therapy, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and coronary artery disease. Volume 352 of Issue 1. The New England journal of medicine 2005. PMID: 15635110


  130. Larose E, Ganz P. Statins and endothelial dysfunction. Volume 4 of Issue 4. Seminars in vascular medicine 2004. PMID: 15861315


  131. Hamburg NM, Charbonneau F, Gerhard-Herman M, Ganz P, Creager MA. Comparison of endothelial function in young men and women with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. Volume 94 of Issue 6. The American journal of cardiology 2004. PMID: 15374789


  133. Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Volume 109 of Issue 23 Suppl 1. Circulation 2004. PMID: 15198963


  134. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA, Crowe T, Howard G, Cooper CJ, Brodie B, Grines CL, DeMaria AN. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Volume 291 of Issue 9. JAMA 2004. PMID: 14996776


  135. Kinlay S, Behrendt D, Fang JC, Delagrange D, Morrow J, Witztum JL, Rifai N, Selwyn AP, Creager MA, Ganz P. Long-term effect of combined vitamins E and C on coronary and peripheral endothelial function. Volume 43 of Issue 4. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004. PMID: 14975474


  136. Kinlay S, Ganz P. Early statin therapy in acute coronary syndromes. Volume 3 of Issue 4. Seminars in vascular medicine 2003. PMID: 15199449


  137. Schwartz GG, Ganz P, Waters D, Arikian S. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes. Volume 92 of Issue 9. The American journal of cardiology 2003. PMID: 14583367


  138. Ganz P, Vita JA. Testing endothelial vasomotor function: nitric oxide, a multipotent molecule. Volume 108 of Issue 17. Circulation 2003. PMID: 14581383


  139. Kinlay S, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Rifai N, Leslie SJ, Sasiela WJ, Szarek M, Libby P, Ganz P. High-dose atorvastatin enhances the decline in inflammatory markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes in the MIRACL study. Volume 108 of Issue 13. Circulation 2003. PMID: 12975259


  140. Reinders ME, Fang JC, Wong W, Ganz P, Briscoe DM. Expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor in human cardiac allografts: association with rejection. Volume 76 of Issue 1. Transplantation 2003. PMID: 12865814


  141. Nohria A, Garrett L, Johnson W, Kinlay S, Ganz P, Creager MA. Endothelin-1 and vascular tone in subjects with atherogenic risk factors. Volume 42 of Issue 1. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2003. PMID: 12756218


  142. Fang JC, Kinlay S, Behrendt D, Hikita H, Witztum JL, Selwyn AP, Ganz P. Circulating autoantibodies to oxidized LDL correlate with impaired coronary endothelial function after cardiac transplantation. Volume 22 of Issue 12. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2002. PMID: 12482832


  143. Johnson W, Nohria A, Garrett L, Fang JC, Igo J, Katai M, Ganz P, Creager MA. Contribution of endothelin to pulmonary vascular tone under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Volume 283 of Issue 2. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2002. PMID: 12124203


  144. Kinlay S, Grewal J, Manuelin D, Fang JC, Selwyn AP, Bittl JA, Ganz P. Coronary flow velocity and disturbed flow predict adverse clinical outcome after coronary angioplasty. Volume 22 of Issue 8. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2002. PMID: 12171797


  145. Ganz P. Vasomotor and vascular effects of hormone replacement therapy. Volume 90 of Issue 1A. The American journal of cardiology 2002. PMID: 12106634


  146. Fang JC, Kinlay S, Beltrame J, Hikiti H, Wainstein M, Behrendt D, Suh J, Frei B, Mudge GH, Selwyn AP, Ganz P. Effect of vitamins C and E on progression of transplant-associated arteriosclerosis: a randomised trial. Volume 359 of Issue 9312. Lancet (London, England) 2002. PMID: 11943259